Physician Review: Reviewed by ENT Specialty Care Head & Neck Cancer Surgeons Dr. Melanie Hicks and Dr. Chad Galer. Dr. Hicks and Dr. Galer specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancers, thyroid disorders, salivary gland conditions, and advanced surgical care throughout the Greater Twin Cities metro area.
Overview
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common virus that can cause cancer in the oropharynx, which includes the tonsils and base of the tongue. HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer is now the most common type of throat cancer in the United States. Unlike traditional head and neck cancers that were commonly associated with long-term tobacco and alcohol use, HPV-related throat cancer often occurs in otherwise healthy adults. Most people who acquire HPV clear the infection naturally, but in some people the virus persists for many years and can cause changes in cells that eventually lead to cancer. Understanding the signs and symptoms of HPV-related throat cancer can help patients seek care earlier.
Common Symptoms of HPV-Related Throat Cancer
1. A Persistent Lump in the Neck
A painless lump in the neck is often one of the earliest signs of HPV-related throat cancer. In some cases, patients notice a neck mass before experiencing any throat-related symptoms. Any lump that persists for more than two weeks should be evaluated by a specialist.
2. Difficulty Swallowing
Some patients experience discomfort when swallowing or feel as though food is getting stuck. Persistent swallowing difficulties should not be ignored, especially when symptoms continue to worsen over time.
3. Ongoing Sore Throat
A sore throat that does not improve after several weeks may require further evaluation. While infections are common causes of sore throat discomfort, persistent symptoms deserve attention. Patients often assume these symptoms are caused by allergies or reflux. If symptoms remain despite treatment, an ENT evaluation may be appropriate.
4. Ear Pain
Pain that seems to originate from the ear may be linked to conditions affecting the throat. Sometimes ear pain does not actually come from the ear. Because several nerves that supply the ear also supply the throat, pain from this area can be felt as if it is coming from the ear. This is called referred otalgia. Persistent, unexplained ear pain should be evaluated by an ENT specialist.
5. Enlarged Tonsils
One tonsil appearing larger than the other or persistent tonsil swelling may warrant additional testing, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms (throat pain, difficulty swallowing, coughing up blood). HPV-related cancers commonly develop in the tonsils and neighboring tissues.
Why Early Evaluation Matters
Cases of HPV-related throat cancer have increased significantly over the past several decades. Fortunately, advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved outcomes for many patients.
At ENT Specialty Care, our Head and Neck Cancer Program offers advanced evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment options, including Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS). We provide strong multidisciplinary care and work closely with radiation and medical oncology, radiology, pathology, speech language pathology, and physical therapy to provide a comprehensive treatment plan.
Take the Next Step
If you’re experiencing a neck lump, swallowing difficulties, voice changes, ongoing throat symptoms, or concerns about HPV-related throat cancer, don’t wait.
The Head & Neck Cancer Program at ENT Specialty Care provides expert care for patients throughout the Greater Twin Cities and West Metro communities.
Call 612-871-1144 or visit ENTSC.com/contact to schedule an appointment with one of our Head & Neck Cancer specialists today.